Much has been written about the circumstances that led to the death of the British television presenter Caroline Flack on Saturday, despite little of substance being known about them.
Flack, the 40-year-old former host of the hit UK reality show Love Island, died by suicide at her northeast London apartment as she awaited trial for an alleged assault of her boyfriend.
Mental health organizations urge against assuming a single factor in cases of suicide. But reaction was nonetheless swift and often definitive.
Social media, the British press and the Crown Prosecution Service have all been blamed for their treatment of the star, while celebrity well-wishers have been attacked for hypocrisy and politicians have mooted a reform of the media.
Meanwhile, the same media cycle that aided Flack’s rise to fame was condemned for tearing her down in her final months, and many reacted with fury as tabloids like The Sun moved swiftly to delete previous negative articles about the star.
What’s clear is that the reverberations from the death of Flack, a longtime staple of Britain’s raucous tabloid press, are being widely felt — with fundamental questions raised about the symbiotic relationship between the media and today’s television personalities.
For some commentators, the instant reactions were premature.
“When we experience the tragic loss of someone, we often look around for someone to point the finger at,” said Honey Langcaster-James, a television psychologist who has consulted on on-set welfare for shows including “Love Island.”
“We get consumed when someone dies in these circumstances by the question of why, and of what could have been done… but the important thing is we don’t speculate,” she told CNN.
But in death, as in life, fascination about Flack has given rise to plenty of speculation — and it’s highlighting the relentless industry of outrage that has both aided the rise of reality television personalities and swarmed them in their lowest moments.
Tabloids under scrutiny
Flack’s career was boosted, at least in part, by a media ecosystem that thrives on judgment and is quick to identify winners and losers.
She won a public vote to claim victory in “Strictly Come Dancing,” one of Britain’s most popular shows, and then helmed another breakout hit — “Love Island” — whose success relies heavily on its omnipresence on social media and on the homepages of tabloid news sites.
But that same environment ensured the lows of Flack’s career were as loudly amplified as the highs. Flack attracted criticism for dating a 17-year-old Harry Styles while she was 31. Years later, the details of the alleged assault in December on her partner, Lewis Burton, have been combed over online on an almost daily basis.
After she was charged, a front page of the Daily Star newspaper branded her “Caroline Smack,” while The Sun published and then deleted a story about a “brutal” Valentine Day’s card mocking her assault case.
“She lived every mistake publicly under the scrutiny of the media,” Laura Whitmore, Flack’s friend and replacement as “Love Island” host, said on her BBC radio show the day after her death was confirmed. “To the press who demonize and tear down success: we’ve had enough.” Several commentators have compared the coverage to that of Meghan, Duchess of Sussex.
Now, commentators and politicians are asking whether such levels of media scrutiny should exist at all — and the fallout from Flack’s death has reopened a long-running debate over press regulation in the country.
“We welcome the public outcry for change. What happened to Caroline Flack will happen to vulnerable people again and again, until the government acts,” Nathan Sparkes, policy director of the campaign group Hacked Off, told CNN.
Hacked Off was formed in the wake of the 2011 British phone hacking scandal, which led to the closure of the News of the World tabloid and prompted a major inquiry into the British press.
“This applies to a minority of journalists overall … but we do need some form of accountability,” said Sparkes.
An online petition calling for a review into the media after Flack’s death has attracted more than 200,000 signatures, and a campaign is urging for new legislation dubbed “Caroline’s Law” to be implemented.
But such calls have been resisted in the past, with fears they could threaten press freedom.
Media law consultant David Banks has warned against identifying the media as culprits in Flack’s death.
“To attribute her death to one thing is, in my opinion, and in my experience of 32 years reporting inquests, a mistake,” he wrote on Twitter. “There were a number of things happening in her life that we know a little about — the upcoming trial for assault; her relationship with her boyfriend; her removal as a presenter of Love Island.”
“There may also be other things happening in her life that we know absolutely nothing about, but which contributed to what happened,” he added. “The inquest *might* discover these things, but equally might not. We may never know.”
Is social media fueling the fire?
Obsessive media coverage of celebrities is nothing new in Britain, a country whose tabloids are known for their relentless and unwavering pursuit of scandal.
But on social media and in the streets, the dissection was often harsher still — and Flack had spoken about the difficulties of living in the public eye.
“People say you have to expect that kind of scrutiny because you work in television. Really? Why? Who says so?” Flack wrote in her 2015 autobiography.
“Perhaps the worst was Twitter,” she wrote. “However vile they are, newspapers have to be careful because of libel and privacy. But Twitter is different. nobody censors that.” CNN has contacted Twitter for comment.